Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural soils in South Korea

The content and type of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soils from paddy fields and upland areas in South Korea were determined using gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The distribution map of total PAH content was obtained as a contour plot using a geographical information system. The overall distribution of PAH was found to be closely related to the pollution sources, the size of city and the type of industry. The average content of total PAH in all samples was 236 μg kg⁻¹, and the range was from 23.3 to 2834 μg kg⁻¹. The highest concentrations were found in soils sampled near iron processing plants. The concentration of PAH decreased in the order fluoroanthene>benzo(b)fluoroanthene>pyrene. Special PAH compound ratios, such as phenanthrene/anthracene and fluoroanthene/pyrene, were calculated to evaluate the origin. The collected data suggested that the pyrogenic origins such as motor vehicle exhaust and heavy industry emission were the dominant source of PAH in Korean soils.     

Monitoring Diffuse Impacts: Australian Tourism Developments

/ The scientific quality of monitoring for diffuse environmental impacts has rarely been quantified. This paper presents an analysis of all formal environmental monitoring programs for Australian tourism developments over a 15-year period from 1980 to 1995. The tourism sector provides a good test bed for this study because tourism developments are (1) often adjacent to or even within conservation reserves and other relatively undisturbed natural environments, and (2) often clustered, with resulting cumulative impacts that require detection at an early stage. Here we analyze the precision and reliability with which monitoring programs as actually implemented can detect diffuse environmental impacts against natural variation. Of 175 Australian tourism developments subject to EIA from 1980 to 1993 inclusive, only 13 were subject to formal monitoring. Only 44 individual parameters, in total, were monitored for all these developments together. No baseline monitoring was conducted for nine of the 44 parameters. For the remaining 35, only one was monitored for a full year. Before, after, control, impact, paired sampling (BACIP) monitoring designs were used for 24 of the 44 parameters, and power analysis in 10. The scientific quality of monitoring was significantly better for developments subject to control by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA). The key factor appears to be the way in which GBRMPA uses external referees and manages external consultants. The GBRMPA model merits wider adoption.     

《恶臭污染物排放标准》修订的若干意见

从实际的恶臭监测分析出发,结合执行《恶臭污染物排放标准》过程中的各种体会,从标准的适用范围、浓度排放限值以及采样环节等三个方面,对《恶臭污染物排放标准》的修订提出了若干意见.建议对排放标准的适用范围进行调整,增加行业排放标准,对有组织排放增加浓度排放限值规定,对采样气象条件、采样点位、采样频率进行明确,并引入背景值或本底值的测量,对测量结果进行修正.     

太湖流域水生态监控系统平台构建研究

从太湖流域水生态监控管理需求出发,研究太湖流域水生态监控系统平台建设目标及建设内容,包括水生态监控数据管理子系统构建、水生态状况评价子系统构建、水生态模拟子系统构建和水生态辅助管理决策子系统构建。集成管理太湖流域水质监测数据、水生生物监测数据、基础地理信息数据,对各类数据进行一体化管理及深度挖掘,自动实现水生态状况评价;构建水生态模拟子系统,对水生态情景、污染物扩散、水生态功能区空间分布及变化趋势进行模拟,并提出水生态辅助决策方案及报告。     

江苏省主要农药产品的环境残留监测方法研究

介绍了江苏省生产的主要农药品种，综述了草甘膦、丁草胺、乙草胺、百草枯和氟乐灵等5种除草剂，代森锰锌、戊唑醇、百菌清、甲基硫菌灵和三环唑等5种杀菌剂，毒死蜱、吡虫啉、氯氰菊酯等3种杀虫剂，以及乙烯利、多效唑等2种植物生长调节剂的生产现状及危害，以及上述农药在水、土壤等环境介质中的检测方法。以期为相关农药残留的检测方法标准化、环境中控制限值的制定、农药类环境事故应急监测以及农药生产与使用的环境监管提供技术支持。     

大数据在环境执法与监测中的应用创新

当前背景下,大数据的有效应用以及普及,其很大程度上推动了各个领域创新发展的进程,尤其是在一些企业中,其通过对大数据的应用,实现了对数据的分析以及统计,有效优化了生产工艺,也满足了现阶段节能降耗的要求。因此,在进行环境执法与监测工作阶段,为了可以更好地提升监测水平,也应该积极的对大数据技术进行应用,合理创新。     

突发性环境污染事故的应急监测探讨

突发性环境污染事故应急预案方案中主要包括污染物的应急监测以及污染事故的处置方案。其中应急监测的工作在于明确造成环境污染的化学物品的种类、浓度、数量、已造成污染范围、已造成的破坏程度、事故未来发展事态等。通过应急监测所整理的信息数据,应急预案组织工作小组可以迅速的对突发性环境污染事故做出科学合理的决策。本文针对突发性环境污染事故应急监测工作方案进行梳理总结,指导组织管理人员如何快速的组织应急监测工作。     

Quantification of hydrochloric acid and particulate deposition resulting from space shuttle launches at John F. Kennedy space center,Florida, USA

Observations of damage to vegetation, acute reductions in surface water pH, and kills of small fish prompted the Biomedical Operations and Research Office at the John F. Kennedy Space Center to initiate intensive environmental evaluations of possible acute and long-term chronic impacts that may be produced by repeated launches of the space shuttle. An important step in this evaluation was the identification of deposition patterns and the quantification of ecosystem loading rates of exhaust constituents from the solid rocket motors (SRMs) in the area of the launch pad. These constituents are primarily aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). During three launches of the space transportation system (STS-11, 13, and 14) up to 100 bulk deposition collectors, 83 mm in diameter containing 100 ml of deionized water, were deployed in a grid pattern covering 12.6 ha north of launch pad 39-A. Estimates of HCl and particulate deposition levels were made based on laboratory measurements of items entrained in the collectors. Captured particulates consisted of a variety of items including Al₂O₃, sand grains, sea shell fragments, paint chips, and other debris ablated from the launch pad surface by the initial thrust of the SRMs. Estimated ranges of HCl and particulate deposition in the study area were 0–127 g/m² and 0–246 g/m², respectively. Deposition patterns were highly influenced by wind speed and direction. These measurements indicate that, under certain meteorological conditions, up to 7.1 × 10³ kg of particulates and 3.4 × 10³ kg of HCl can be deposited to the near-field environment beyond the launch pad perimeter fence.     

卤虫对毒物毒性监测方法研究

以孵化好的 - 期卤虫为受试生物 ,实验研究了 As2 O3、Hg Cl2 、KCN、K2 Cr2 O7、苯、苯酚、六六六7种物质对卤虫的中毒阀值和 L C50 - 2 4h(L eathal、Concentration 5 0 - 2 4hours,2 4小时半致死浓度 )的测定 ,该方法具有操作简便、快速、覆盖面宽、技术易掌握、所需设备不复杂等特点。     

南通市濠河水污染研究

本文采用系统聚类法对濠河水质进行了聚类分析，并且将濠河污染因子和监测断面的污染程度进行了分类．